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FUZZY ECONOMIC REVIEW, Volume 26

OPTIMIZATION OF K-MEANS WITH SIMULATED ANNEALING HEURISTICS

Ivan O. Cruz-Ruiz. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340, Ciudad de México, México. Email: iocr@xanum.uam.mx

Pedro Lara-Velázquez. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México. plara@xanum.uam.mx

Eric A. Rincón-García. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México. rincon@xanum.uam.mx

Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Andrade. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México. gamma@xanum.uam.mx

Sergio G. de-los-Cobos-Silva. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México. cobos@xanum.uam.mx

Roman A. Mora-Gutiérrez. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo Xalpa 180, 02200, Ciudad de México, México. mgra@correo.azc.uam.mx

Carlos A. Hernández-Nava. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340, Ciudad de México, México. Email: cahn@xanum.uam.mx

The classification algorithm known as k-means is widely used in different branches of artificial intelligence. Its main objective is to find the k centroids that can repre-sent clusters of information. While this algorithm is reliable, it is not always possi-ble to find the optimal centroids that represent the data set.…
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DISCOUNT RATES FOR STARTUPS: THE ENTREPRENEUR’S PERSPECTIVE

Samuel Mongrut. Universidad del Pacifico, Perú. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México. Email: mongrut_sa@up.edu.pe

Vivian Cruz. Universidad EIA, Colombia. Email: vivian.cruz@eia.edu.co

So far, the estimation of required returns (discount rates) for non-diversified entrepreneurs has remained a mystery. Mongrut and Ramirez (2006) made a contribution to this area by deriving the required return’s lower bound for a non-diversified entrepreneur. However, they used a quadratic utility function, which is the same as the…
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